Author Affiliations

1. Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
2. Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
3. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States

Address correspondence to:

Jacob S. Warner, DO
Department of Internal Medicine
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
1 Medical Center Drive
Lebanon, NH, 03756
Phone: (805) 674-1168
Email: Jacob.s.warner@outlook.com

Abstract

Purpose: Individuals in rural areas of the United States have a greater risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and have worse COPD outcomes. New Hampshire (NH) is split between non-rural and rural counties.

Methods: We examined differences in COPD exacerbation rates ([encounters per county/county population of 35 years of age and older] × 100), length of stay (LOS), and total charges by rurality, determined by the 2013 National Center for Health Statistics rural-urban classification. Linear regression analysis determined the association of rural status on COPD outcomes, adjusting for age, gender, insurance status, and county-level smoking prevalence.

Findings: A total of 15,916 encounters were analyzed, of which 5805 were inpatient and 10,111 were from the emergency department, 7058 (44%) were male, and the mean age was 65.6. A total of 31% were from large, fringe metro counties, 25.9% were from medium metro counties, 37.6% were from micropolitan counties, and 5.5% were from non-core counties. In multivariable regression, rural counties had higher COPD exacerbation rates compared to urban counties (non-core beta=0.18, [confidence interval (CI) 0.16, 0.20]; micropolitan beta=0.02, CI [0.01, 0.03]); medium metro counties (beta=-0.07, Cl [-0.09, -0.06]) had lower rates of COPD exacerbations (P < 0.001 for all). Compared to urban counties, encounters from rural counties had lower total charges (medium metro beta=-1695 [-2410, -980]; micropolitan beta=-2701 [-3315, -2088]; non-core beta=-4453 [-5646, -3260], all p<0.001). LOS did not differ by rurality.

Conclusions: Accounting for poverty and other sociodemographic factors, the rates of COPD exacerbation encounters were higher in rural versus non-rural NH counties. Additionally, non-rural areas carried higher total charges, potentially due to more resource availability. These results support the need for future interventions to improve outcomes in rural COPD patients.

Citation

Citation: Warner JS, Bryan JM, Paulin LM. The effect of rurality and poverty on COPD outcomes in New Hampshire: an analysis of statewide hospital discharge data. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9(4): 500-509. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0299

Keywords

COPD, delivery of health care, social epidemiology

Full Text

Click to read The Effect of Rurality and Poverty on COPD Outcomes in New Hampshire: An Analysis of Statewide Hospital Discharge Data

PDF Download

PDF Version (1870KB)

Author Affiliations

1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
2. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
3. Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
4. Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
5. Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States
6. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
7. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States

Address correspondence to:

Janet T. Holbrook, PhD
415 N. Washington Street
Baltimore, MD 21231
Phone: 443-287-5791
Email: janet.holbrook@jhu.edu

Abstract

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From the pandemic’s onset there has been concern regarding effects on health and well-being of high-risk patients.

Methods: This was an ancillary study to the Losartan Effects on Emphysema Progression (LEEP) Trial and was designed to collect descriptive information longitudinally about the health and wellbeing of COPD patients who were enrolled in a clinical trial. Participants were interviewed by telephone about their health status every 2 weeks and their mental health, knowledge, and behaviors every 8 weeks from June 2020 to April 2021. There were no pre-specified hypotheses.

Results: We enrolled 157 of the 220 participants from the parent LEEP trial. Their median age was 69 years, 55% were male, and 82% were White; median forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁)% predicted was 48%. Nine confirmed COVID-19 infections were reported, 2 resulting in hospitalization. Rates of elevated anxiety or depressive symptoms were 8% and 19% respectively in June 2020 and remained relatively stable during follow-up. By April 2021, 85% of participants said they were “very likely” to receive a vaccine; 91% were vaccinated (≥1 dose) by the end of December 2021.

Conclusion: Our select cohort of moderate to severe COPD patients who were well integrated into a health care network coped well with the COVID-19 pandemic. Few participants were diagnosed with COVID-19, levels of depression and anxiety were stable, most adopted accepted risk reduction behaviors, and did not become socially isolated; most were vaccinated by the end of 2021.

Citation

Citation: Zhang WZ, LaBedz SL, Holbrook JT, et al; the American Lung Association Airways Clinical Research Centers. Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical and mental health of patients with COPD: results from a longitudinal cohort study conducted in the United States (2020-2021). Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9(4): 510-519. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0287

Keywords

COPD, depression, COVID-19, anxiety, vaccination, vaccine hesitancy

Full Text

Click to read Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health of Patients With COPD: Results From a Longitudinal Cohort Study Conducted in the United States (2020-2021)

PDF Download

PDF Version (2510KB)

Author Affiliations

1. Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
2. COPD Foundation, Miami, Florida, United States
3. Respiratory Diagnostic and Evaluation Services and Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Canada
4. ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
5. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
6. Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
7. Biopharmaceuticals, Respiratory and Immunology, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg Sweden
8. Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
9. Evidera, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
10. Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
11. Respiratory Investigation Unit, Department of Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
12. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Universidad, Madrid, Spain
13. Complutense de Madrid-Medical School, Madrid, Spain
14. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
15. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
16. Department of Research and Development, Ciro, Horn and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
17. Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
18. Department of Sports Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
19. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Address correspondence to:

Richard Casaburi, PhD, MD
Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center
The Lundquist Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center
CDCRC Building
1124 W. Carson St.
Torrance, CA 90502
Email: casaburi@ucla.edu
Phone: (310) 222-8200

Abstract

Introduction: The COPD Biomarkers Qualification Consortium (CBQC) was formed under COPD Foundation management, with the goal of qualifying biomarkers and clinical outcome assessments through established regulatory processes for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Within CBQC, a working group evaluated opportunities for qualification of an exercise endurance measure. In a recent publication (Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9[2]:252-265), we described a conceptual framework establishing exercise endurance’s direct relationship to an individual with COPD’s experience of physical functioning in daily life, and that increase in exercise endurance is a patient-centered, meaningful treatment benefit. We further proposed endurance time during constant work rate cycle ergometery (CWRCE) as a useful efficacy endpoint in clinical therapeutic intervention trials. In this current publication, we describe the process of assembling an integrated database of endurance time responses to interventions in COPD.

Methods: We sought participant-level data from published studies incorporating CWRCE as an outcome measure. A literature search screened 2993 publications and identified 553 studies for assessment. Two interventions had sufficient data across studies to warrant data extraction: bronchodilators and rehabilitative exercise training. Investigators were contacted and requested to provide participant-by-participant data from their published studies.

Results: The final dataset included data from 8 bronchodilator studies (2166) participants and 15 exercise training studies (3488 participants). The database includes 71 variables per participant, comprising demographic, pulmonary function, and detailed physiologic response data. This paper provides a detailed description of the analysis population, while analysis supporting the validation/qualification process and addressing other scientific questions will be described in subsequent publications.

Citation

Citation: Casaburi R, Merrill D, Dolmage T, et al. Endurance time during constant work rate cycle ergometry in COPD: development of an integrated database from interventional studies. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9(4): 520-537. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0331

Keywords

bronchodilator, exercise endurance, clinical outcome assessment, exercise training, patient-centric

Full Text

Click to read Endurance Time During Constant Work Rate Cycle Ergometry in COPD: Development of an Integrated Database From Interventional Studies

PDF Download

PDF Version (4446KB)

Author Affiliations

1. Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
2. Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
3. Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
4. Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
5. Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States

Address correspondence to:

Arianne K. Baldomero, MD, MS
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Minneapolis VA Health Care System
Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep (111N)
One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417
Email: baldo004@umn.edu

Abstract

Rationale: Many patients with suspected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) do not undergo spirometry to confirm the diagnosis. Underutilization is often attributed to barriers to accessing spirometry.

Objective: Our objective wasto identify factors associated with spirometry underutilization for patients who are less likely to face access barriers related to travel, insurance, and availability of spirometry.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration and living in urban areas with a new diagnosis of COPD between 2012 to 2015, reducing out-of-pocket cost and travel barriers, respectively. We included only patients whose primary care clinic was located in an academically affiliated tertiary level facility with spirometry available. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between patient characteristics and receipt of spirometry within 2 years before or after COPD diagnosis.

Results: Of 24,300 patients, 59.7% had spirometry. Compared to patients <55 years, patients 75–84 years had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of undergoing spirometry of 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.72–0.90), while patients ≥85 years had an aOR of 0.47 (95%CI: 0.40–0.54). Compared to patients with a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ≥3, patients with a CCI of 0 had an aOR of 0.60 (95%CI:0.54–0.67). Patients who had not seen a pulmonary specialist had lower odds of receiving spirometry (aOR 0.38 [95%CI:0.35–0.41]).

Conclusion: Spirometry underutilization persists among patients who are less likely to have access barriers related to travel, insurance, and availability of spirometry. Spirometry underutilization is associated with older age, not having received pulmonary care, and having fewer comorbidities. COPD care quality initiatives will need to address these factors.

Citation

Citation: Baldomero AK, Kunisaki KM, Bangerter A, et al. Beyond access: factors associated with spirometry underutilization among patients with a diagnosis of COPD in urban tertiary care centers. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9(4): 538-548. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0303

Keywords

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, spirometry, pulmonary disease, health care services, Veterans Affairs

Full Text

Click to read Beyond Access: Factors Associated With Spirometry Underutilization Among Patients With a Diagnosis of COPD in Urban Tertiary Care Centers

PDF Download

PDF Version (2743KB)

Author Affiliations

1. College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
2. Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States
3. AlphaNet, Inc., Coral Gables, Florida, United States
4. College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
5. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South
   Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States

Address correspondence to:

Radmila Choate, PhD, MPH
College of Public Health
University of Kentucky
Lexington, KY
Phone: (859)218-2237
E-mail: radmila.choate@uky.edu

Abstract

Rationale: Identifying pulmonary exacerbations in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is critical as they are associated with disease progression and poor health-related quality of life. Not all changes in usual respiratory symptoms will be identified as exacerbations by patients with AATD.

Methods: Data collected via regular monthly telephone calls during the first year of the AlphaNet Step Forward Study were analyzed. AlphaNet subscribers were asked about changes in their usual respiratory symptoms, whether they considered changes in symptoms to be pulmonary exacerbations, and their management. Participants who reported changes in their usual respiratory symptoms throughout the year were included in the study. Per-patient and per-event analyses were performed.

Results: Participants (n=316, age 58±10 years, 53% female) reported 797 events of changes in their usual respiratory symptoms in 1 year. Almost half (48%) of these symptom events were identified as pulmonary exacerbations by the study participants. The average number of symptoms was higher in events recognized by participants as exacerbations than those not identified as exacerbations (3.3±1.5 versus 1.8±1.1, respectively). A greater proportion of the exacerbation events were managed by taking antibiotics or corticosteroids or both (81%, 53%, and 41% of the events, respectively). With exacerbations, participants mainly spoke to the pulmonary specialist (39%) or went to the doctor's office (37%). Symptom events not recognized as exacerbations were mostly self-treated (56%).

Conclusions: Changes in usual pulmonary symptoms are not universally recognized as exacerbations. Patients' perspectives in recognizing changes in pulmonary symptoms as exacerbation events are critical.

Citation

Citation: Choate R, Sandhaus RA, Holm KE, Mannino DM, Strange C. Patient-reported pulmonary symptoms, exacerbations, and management in a cohort of patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9(4): 549-561. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0317

Keywords

COPD, exacerbations, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, pulmonary symptoms

Full Text

Click to read Patient-Reported Pulmonary Symptoms, Exacerbations, and Management in a Cohort of Patients With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

PDF Download

PDF Version (4204KB)

Author Affiliations

1. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
2. COPD Foundation, Miami, Florida, United States
3. American Academy of Family Physicians National Research Network, Leawood, Kansas, United States
4. Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States
5. Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Address correspondence to:

Barbara P. Yawn, MD, MSc, MSPH
1963 112^th Circle NE
Blaine, MN 55449
Phone: (507) 261-3096
Email: byawn47@gmail.com

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess health care professionals’ (HCPs) knowledge of an increased herpes zoster (HZ) risk and burden for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), HCPs’ familiarity with the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ (ACIP) HZ vaccine recommendations, and the HCPs’ current adult vaccine practices. Another objective was to evaluate the impact of a short educational video on knowledge and future vaccine intent.

Participants and Methods: An online survey of family physicians (FPs), pulmonologists, nurse practitioners (NPs), and physician assistants (PAs) querying demographics, awareness of ACIP HZ vaccine recommendations, and HZ burdens and risks in patients with COPD and their current recommendations for HZ, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccines was conducted. For those not strongly recommending HZ vaccines concordant with ACIP recommendations, a 5-minute educational video was presented, and post video questions assessed future intended HZ vaccine recommendations.

Results: Among 1020 HCP responders, awareness and ACIP concordant HZ vaccine recommendations ranged from 59.0% to 95.2% across HCPs. Lowest recommendation rates were consistently reported by pulmonologists for the 2-dose HZ vaccine beginning at age 50; for the 2-dose vaccine use in those with prior 1-dose HZ vaccinations, and for those with prior HZ. Among all HCPs, HZ vaccine recommendations were lower than for pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. After viewing the educational video, reported vaccine recommendation intent increased significantly in all groups of HCPs, as did awareness of increased HZ risk among patients with COPD.

Conclusions: Significant educational opportunities exist for HCPs related to HZ and its vaccine prevention among patients with COPD which may be responsive to brief, targeted interventions.

Citation

Citation: Yawn BP, Loskutova NY, Merrill DD, et al. Health care professionals’ herpes zoster awareness and vaccine recommendations for patients with COPD. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9(4): 562-575. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0322

Keywords

COPD, vaccination, herpes zoster, educational intervention, preventive medicine

Full Text

Click to read Health Care Professionals’ Herpes Zoster Awareness and Vaccine Recommendations for Patients with COPD

PDF Download

PDF Version (8228KB)

Author Affiliations

1. Respiratory Research Unit, Pulmonary Institute, Department of Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
2. PW Statistical Consulting, Laxou, France
3. Mashav Applied Research, Jerusalem, Israel

Address correspondence to:

Abraham B. Bohadana, MD
Pulmonary Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center
12 Bayit Street
Jerusalem, Israel
Phone: (972) (0) 58-437-8069
Fax: (972) 02 6555686
Email: abraham.bohadana@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Although smoking is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), many patients with COPD smoke, highlighting the need for effective smoking cessation interventions in this population. This study examined the efficacy and safety of varenicline in increasing smoking cessation rates through "gradual" versus "abrupt" cessation in COPD patients with low motivation to quit smoking.

Methods: A randomized, open label, 30-week, controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02894957) was conducted between January 2019 and October 2020 at a center in Israel. Smokers with COPD, poorly motivated to quit, were randomized to 6 weeks of varenicline for smoking reduction and a target quit day (TQD) at the end of week 6 (gradual cessation group) or ad libitum smoking for 5 weeks, 1 week of varenicline, and a TQD at the end of week 6 (abrupt cessation group). After the pre-quit phase, both groups received 12-week regular varenicline treatment and 12-week follow-up. Primary outcome was biochemically-validated continuous abstinence for weeks 6–30. Secondary outcomes were: (1) biochemically-confirmed7-day point prevalence abstinence for weeks 4–30, (2) efficient smoking reduction (≥50% in number of cigarettes/day) in the pre-quit phase; and (3) number of cigarettes/day, motivation to quit, and changes in respiratory symptoms and spirometry from baseline through week 30.

Results: A drug recall issued by the study sponsor stopped the study after 70/242 (28.9%) patients had been enrolled. The gradual cessation group (n=29) had significantly higher continuous abstinence rates from TQD through week 30 versus the abrupt cessation group (n=41): 20.7% versus 4.9% (odds ratio [OR]=5.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-29.17; p=0.048) and higher 7-day point prevalence abstinence levels at all time points but week 18 (p=0.027 at week 6, 0.056 at week 7, and 0.096 at week 9). Motivation to quit increased (p=0.002) and the number of cigarettes/day decreased (p=0.002) over time in both groups. Respiratory symptoms, but not spirometry, improved in both groups at week 30. Treatment was safe and well tolerated.

Conclusions: In poorly motivated smokers with COPD, using varenicline for a 6-week gradual smoking cessation before TQD, compared with abrupt cessation, significantly increased quit rates up to 6 months. Results were not affected by the smaller-than-expected sample size. Further studies are needed to confirm these data.

Citation

Citation: Bohadana A, Rokach A, Wild P, et al. Varenicline for gradual versus abrupt smoking cessation in poorly motivated smokers with COPD: a prematurely terminated randomized controlled trial. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9(4): 486-499. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0305

Keywords

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smoking, cigarette smoking, cessation, varenicline

Full Text

Click to read Varenicline for Gradual Versus Abrupt Smoking Cessation in Poorly Motivated Smokers With COPD: A Prematurely Terminated Randomized Controlled Trial

PDF Download

PDF Version (3747KB)

Author Affiliations

1. Evidera, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
2. Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland

Address correspondence to:

Nancy Kline Leidy, PhD
Evidera
7101 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 1400
Bethesda, MD 20814
Email: Nancy.Leidy@evidera.com
Phone: (301) 654-9729

Abstract

Accurately interpreting scores on patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures is essential to understanding and communicating treatment benefit. Over the years, terminology and methods for developing recommendations for PRO score interpretation in clinical trials have evolved, leading to some confusion in the field. The phrase “minimal clinically important difference (MCID)” has been simplified to “minimal important difference (MID)” and use of responder thresholds to interpret statistically significant treatment effects has increased. Anchor-based derivation methods continue to be the standard, with specific variations preferred by regulatory authorities for drug development programs. In the midst of these changes, the Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms™ in COPD (E-RS:COPD) was developed and qualified for use as an endpoint in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) drug development programs. This paper summarizes the evolution of terminology and method preferences for the development of recommendations for interpreting scores from PRO measures used in clinical trials, and how these changes are reflected in the E-RS:COPD recommendations. The intent is to add clarity to discussions around PRO endpoints and facilitate use of the E-RS:COPD as a key efficacy endpoint in clinical trials of COPD.

Citation

Citation: Leidy NK, Bushnell DM, Thach C, Hache C, Gutzwiller FS. Interpreting Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms™ in COPD diary scores in clinical trials: terminology, methods, and recommendations. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9(4): 576-590. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0307

Keywords

patient-reported outcome measure, Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms™ in Chronic Obstru, symptomatic relief, interpretation recommendations for PRO measures, PROs and clinical trials

Full Text

Click to read Interpreting Evaluating Respiratory Symptoms™ in COPD Diary Scores in Clinical Trials: Terminology, Methods, and Recommendations

PDF Download

PDF Version (5912KB)

Author Affiliations

1. Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada
2. Département de Médecine et Faculté de Médecine, Montréal, Canada
3. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Site IUCPQ, Université Laval, Québec, Canada

Address correspondence to:

François Maltais, MD
Centre de Pneumologie
Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec
2725, Chemin Ste-Foy
Québec, Canada, G1V 4G5
Phone: (418) 656-4747
Email: francois.maltais@med.ulaval.ca

Abstract

This article does not contain an abstract.

Citation

Citation: Pelletier E, Desmeules P, Lacasse Y, et al. Antibody response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 vaccination in COPD: a cohort study. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2022; 9(4): 591-595. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15326/jcopdf.2022.0315

Keywords

COPD, COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019, vaccination, antibodies

Full Text

Click to read Antibody Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Vaccination in COPD: A Cohort Study

PDF Download

PDF Version (1176KB)